Vehicle Command & Dispatch System

Vehicle dispatch systems come in various forms. The core function is an Internet-based new vehicle management platform, suitable for large transportation enterprises. It utilizes information technology to achieve vehicle positioning, tracking, monitoring, two-way voice intercom, command, and vehicle control, while providing complete vehicle statistical reports and powerful data analysis capabilities. It simplifies enterprise vehicle management, improves internal vehicle allocation and maintenance processes, and significantly enhances management efficiency and economic benefits.
A large-scale integrated management and dispatch system is to be built, centered on GPS and BeiDou dual-satellite positioning, monitoring, dispatch, and management, integrated with the vehicle business management system. This project includes the vehicle-mounted terminal equipment and the entire central system management platform construction. Each vehicle supports video image transmission.
The system adopts the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System for vehicle positioning, monitoring, and command & dispatch. The GPRS data channel is used to transmit positioning and tracking information and to conduct two-way communication, enabling supervision of various local vehicles.
According to data acquisition, data communication, and business processing functions, the system is mainly divided into the following three parts:

1. Vehicle-mounted terminal part: including GPS and BeiDou receivers with corresponding antennas, GSM/GPRS modules, control units, alarm buttons, etc. Responsible for receiving and reporting GPS positioning information, alarms, and rescue requests;
2. Wireless communication link: responsible for data transmission between the vehicle-mounted terminal and the monitoring center, including vehicle positioning/automatic alarm information and monitoring center control commands. This part mainly uses GSM/GPRS; the system can operate stably wherever GSM/GPRS coverage is available;
3. Monitoring and dispatch center system: The monitoring center serves as the "nerve center" of the entire system, providing full-process tracking.

System Functional Requirements

1. Establish a centralized management, distributed monitoring, and dispatch vehicle management system;
2. The vehicle intelligent monitoring and management system project adopts a hierarchical management architecture, where users manage corresponding vehicle-mounted terminals according to different hierarchical permissions;
3. The system platform shall have automatic connection capability; all devices connected to this monitoring system shall automatically connect to the monitoring system and operate normally. The system must have a reliable security mechanism; critical servers shall be equipped with dual-machine hot standby and automatic load balancing mechanisms. The monitoring client software shall have a user-friendly interface and multiple auxiliary interfaces such as various information windows;
4. Support Google Maps and self-developed map functions;
5. Support dual-system positioning with GPS and BeiDou;
6. The system supports remote monitoring of vehicle interior sound, two-way voice intercom, and real-time voice instructions to vehicles;
7. The database shall adopt large-scale databases such as SQL Server or Oracle. The system platform relies on components to implement all functions of the vehicle intelligent monitoring and management system project;
8. The system platform software design must be built according to basic network management requirements including practicality, compatibility, flexibility, and reliability;
9. The system platform shall have strong scalability, allowing hardware and module expansion as the number of vehicle-mounted terminals increases, and shall have the technical foundation for server clustering;
10. The system shall be compatible with vehicle-mounted terminal equipment, enabling display, control, query, and remote management of positioning information from multiple positioning methods;
11. The system platform supports data and image acquisition, statistics, storage, and distribution;
12. Multiple users can simultaneously view any same vehicle-mounted terminal information, with higher-level users having priority control rights;
13. A robust multi-user concurrent processing mechanism shall be provided to meet concurrent usage by various functional departments and shared resource access.

Main Functions and Structure
System Architecture
This vehicle intelligent monitoring and management system project adopts a hierarchical management architecture, where users manage corresponding vehicle-mounted terminals according to different hierarchical permissions.

1. B/S Structure System Features
   Google Maps is selected as the map, requiring domain name binding with a Google ID. All positioning information is presented on Google Maps. It is mainly used for remote Internet management; the system can be accessed anytime, anywhere with Internet connectivity without downloading or installing any software. It supports cross-regional, multi-site, and multi-branch business management.
2. C/S Structure System Features
   The C/S structure is mainly applied to secure vehicle management within LANs. The map uses MAPINFO offline maps, which can be freely edited and defined for a specific area to meet user requirements. The C/S structure system is mainly used within LANs, where clients log in to view and control vehicles.
   Monitoring and Dispatch Center Software System
   This monitoring, management, and dispatch system consists of a central database and five major software modules: communication module, recording and monitoring module, management module, vehicle monitoring and dispatch system, and GIS geographic information system. The system has excellent scalability.
   Central Database
   The central database is the core of the entire monitoring and management system, implemented with a large-scale database to ensure processing of high-volume data.
   The database system shall be configured with high-performance servers, mainly storing basic information of vehicles, vehicle-mounted terminals, users, as well as historical data and operation records. It mainly stores the following data:

• Vehicle-mounted station attribute information
• User information
• Vehicle registration information
• Network subscriber information (including individual and group users)
• Positioning information history records
• Center command records
• Automatic alarm information
• Backup of information routing tables in the communication server
  Software System
  Communication Module
  This part mainly handles data communication and network management functions, supporting DDN leased line/Internet or GSM/GPRS module communication methods, and is compatible with access protocols of China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, and other carriers. The functions of this part include:
• Support for ultra-large information capacity (GPRS)
• Support for multi-level architecture (suitable for ultra-large-scale applications)
• Support for multiple access protocols (supporting various SMSC protocols and ISMG gateway protocols of China Mobile or China Unicom)
• Support for multiple communication channels for information exchange
• Support for complete communication log recording and storage
• Support for interface hot-start function, allowing online removal of major modules
• Support for cascading of similar communication gateways
• Support for simultaneous diverse access from multiple heterogeneous sub-centers (DDN, PPP, VPN, ADSL, etc.)
  Management Module
  System management is implemented by dedicated database management software, which provides functions for adding, deleting, modifying, saving, querying, and printing for system security, vehicle, and user data management.
  Vehicle Management
  Implements unified vehicle registration, modification, and editing management. Vehicle information includes basic information, service information, status information, and location information, considered together with the vehicle GPS/BeiDou monitoring and positioning system, providing management service interfaces.
  Video Management
  Provides functions such as vehicle wireless video information management, viewing, and retrieval based on permissions.
  Vehicle Monitoring and Dispatch System
  The system combines GIS, GPS, MIS, and other platforms to present users with a visualized tracking interface and provides multiple means of querying geographic information, allowing users to obtain easy-to-understand and relatively accurate GIS information in real time.
  Positioning and Data Transmission
  The monitoring center can track the vehicle's current position, speed, direction, etc., at any time. Positioning can be performed by location, time interval, distance interval, speed, route, range, or specific point, with functions such as single-point positioning, continuous monitoring, and key target tracking. The monitoring status of the vehicle is displayed on the system interface.
  Vehicle positioning adopts BeiDou and GPS dual positioning, also supporting GPS-only and BeiDou-only positioning, ensuring positioning accuracy within 5 meters, speed accuracy of 0.01 km/h, cold start acquisition time of less than 40 seconds, and re-acquisition time of 2 seconds. The vehicle terminal uses the 3G/GSM network to transmit data to the central platform, supporting manual and automatic reporting of current vehicle position. The minimum automatic reporting interval is 2 seconds. Functional requirements are as follows:
• Collect time, longitude, latitude, speed, altitude, direction, and vehicle status information, and upload to the monitoring center via wireless communication;
• Positioning status information such as time, longitude, latitude, speed, altitude, and direction can be stored in the device; capable of storing 10,000 data points, with cumulative time error within ±5 seconds over 24 hours;
• Upon receiving positioning requests from the primary or secondary monitoring center, upload positioning information and terminate real-time reporting to the corresponding center as instructed by the monitoring center; the time from the terminal receiving the real-time positioning request from the monitoring center to the terminal response shall be less than 10 seconds;
• When the vehicle is parked for an extended period, positioning information is uploaded at a set interval, with the interval configured by the monitoring center;
• The terminal uploads positioning information at a set interval configured by the monitoring center; in driving state, the minimum fixed reporting interval is 5 seconds, the maximum fixed interval is no more than 60 seconds, and the factory default is 30 seconds;
• Positioning information upload is triggered by distance, with the distance interval configurable by the monitoring center; the factory default distance is 200 m;
• In the event of manual alarm, positioning information is uploaded immediately.
  Track Playback
  The monitoring center visually displays the vehicle's position and driving track on the electronic map. Database queries can be performed at any time to replay the driving route of a specified vehicle over a set time period, and track playback data can be exported. The vehicle terminal also has built-in historical track storage, capable of storing 30,000 track points in network dead zones.
  Voice Dispatch
  The system supports remote monitoring of vehicle interior sound, two-way voice intercom, and real-time voice instructions to vehicles.
• Alarm monitoring: The vehicle terminal is equipped with a call handset, earphone, and microphone for direct voice alarm or voice monitoring in emergencies.
• Remote monitoring: In the event of an alarm, the microphone is automatically activated and the speaker is muted for monitoring; monitoring can be enabled or disabled during the handling process as needed.
• Digital recording: Digital recording is performed and stored during monitoring, and can be analyzed and replayed as needed.
• Voice dispatch: Broadcasting public information and conducting voice dispatch.
  Vehicle Control
  The system supports remote vehicle control, including remote cut-off/restoration of the vehicle's fuel and electrical circuits. The monitoring center can remotely restart the vehicle terminal.
  Terminal photo capture: supports manual capture, scheduled capture, and alarm button-triggered capture.
  Fuel level detection: supports connection of fuel level sensors to detect fuel consumption.
  Temperature monitoring: supports connection of temperature sensors.
  Vehicle Alarms
  The system supports multiple alarm types simultaneously:
• Robbery alarm: Pressing the robbery alarm button in dangerous situations triggers an alarm to the monitoring center.
• Main power failure alarm: When the backup battery is active and the main power is disconnected, an alarm is sent to the monitoring center.
• Overspeed alarm: The monitoring center sets a speed limit; an alarm is sent to the monitoring center when the vehicle exceeds the limit.
• Fatigue driving alarm: An alarm is sent to the monitoring center when the driver drives continuously beyond the set time.
• Parking timeout alarm: An alarm is sent to the monitoring center when the driver parks continuously beyond the preset time.
• Zone entry/exit alarm: An alarm is sent to the monitoring center when the vehicle enters or exits a set zone.
• Active alarm: In the event of illegal hijacking or an accident, the user can actively report an alarm to the monitoring center.

GIS Functions
Image Display
Vector maps can be overlaid with other image layers, such as satellite photos and aerial photos.
Map Zoom
The map supports seamless zooming, with multiple operation methods including clicking to zoom in/out by one level, selecting a region on the map to zoom in/out to fill the entire display area, and zooming to a specific scale. The entire zooming process is smooth and flicker-free.
Layer Control
Through the layer manager, the visibility and queryability of each layer on the map can be controlled.
Information Annotation
Information points can be annotated on the GIS electronic map, with entry, editing, and modification supported based on permissions.
Third-Party Business System Interface
Real-time dynamic positioning and status data interfaces of terminals shall be provided for third-party positioning application systems, offering unified GPS/BeiDou information services to other business systems.